Systems Architecture

Blog Technology and Systems

Systems With No Luxury to Crash: Red Lines and Forbidden Coding Rules in Safety-Critical Software
Muhammet Işık December 16, 2025October 22, 2026

When an aircraft is cruising at 900 km/h or a nuclear reactor cooling system is active, uncontrolled interruption or ad-hoc restarts are strictly unacceptable. Why are standard software staples like dynamic memory, recursion, and exception handling treated as ticking time bombs in high-integrity engineering? This analysis examines the strict boundaries defined by standards like MISRA and ISO 26262, revealing why determinism must always take precedence over speed.

Read More Systems With No Luxury to Crash: Red Lines and Forbidden Coding Rules in Safety-Critical Software
Blog Technology and Systems

Uncertainty is Forbidden in Safety-Critical Systems: This Page Intentionally Left Blank
Muhammet Işık December 6, 2025October 23, 2026

The ubiquitous notice ‘This page intentionally left blank’ in standardized test booklets and technical manuals encapsulates the foundational rule of safety-critical engineering. Where stakes are high and errors carry severe consequences, assumptions have no place. This analysis explores why systems must explicitly define their states, from industrial 4-20 mA live-zero loops to organizational process architecture.

Read More Uncertainty is Forbidden in Safety-Critical Systems: This Page Intentionally Left Blank
Artificial Intelligence, Software and Data Blog

Is the Reign of Code Ending? Software Engineering in the Post-AI Era
Muhammet Işık October 28, 2025October 23, 2026

The slow, expensive, and painful craftsmanship era of software development is drawing to a close. Code is no longer the primary means of production; the model generating it is. This analysis examines the commoditization of syntax, the shifting ownership of production tools, and the evolution of the software engineer from a manual code laborer into a systems architect and mind shaper.

Read More Is the Reign of Code Ending? Software Engineering in the Post-AI Era
Blog Learning, Career and Community

Software and Engineering Discipline: Learn the Principle, Not Just the Tool
Muhammet Işık October 21, 2025October 26, 2026

Learning a piece of software is frequently conflated with mastering an engineering discipline. Memorizing menus and buttons on CAD, EDA, or IDE tools turns someone into an interface operator; internalizing the underlying physical, mathematical, and algorithmic principles creates an engineer. This analysis examines the deep chasm between tool dependency and engineering discipline, and how to stay resilient when interfaces change.

Read More Software and Engineering Discipline: Learn the Principle, Not Just the Tool
Blog Technology and Systems

Why Industrial Screens Look Outdated: The Reality of HMI Durability
Muhammet Işık October 7, 2025October 26, 2026

To an eye accustomed to the sleek, borderless OLED screens of modern smartphones, the HMI panels operating multi-million-dollar factory lines can look remarkably archaic. This visual simplicity is not a cost-cutting compromise or technical backwardness; it is a calculated, uncompromising engineering choice. This analysis examines the 7-10 year lifecycle guarantee, the risk of OLED burn-in, and the intentional air-gap architecture behind industrial displays.

Read More Why Industrial Screens Look Outdated: The Reality of HMI Durability
Blog Technology and Systems

SCADA: The Art of Data Acquisition and Decision Support
Muhammet Işık October 3, 2025October 26, 2026

The core objective of a SCADA system is not to accumulate mountains of raw data. The true objective is to refine field signals into structured inputs that enable rapid, reliable decisions. This analysis examines the 5-step data acquisition methodology from Objective to Utilization, practical methods to eliminate alarm fatigue, and a core audit framework for control systems.

Read More SCADA: The Art of Data Acquisition and Decision Support
Blog Technology and Systems

The Future of Railways at 5G Speed: FRMCS Transition Roadmap for Turkey
Muhammet Işık September 23, 2025October 23, 2026

Legacy 2G-based GSM-R technology, the operational backbone of railway communications, is preparing to sunset in favor of the 5G-based FRMCS standard. Successful 1900 MHz standalone 5G field trials in Germany prove that the new architecture has transitioned from laboratory concepts to live tracks. This analysis evaluates Turkey’s railway communication reality and outlines a pragmatic six-step transition roadmap.

Read More The Future of Railways at 5G Speed: FRMCS Transition Roadmap for Turkey
Blog Technology and Systems

Technology Obesity in Automotive and CARIAD: The Case for Pre-Competitive Common Platforms
Muhammet Işık September 16, 2025October 23, 2026

The automotive industry has succumbed to a self-inflicted crisis of technology obesity, pouring billions of R&D capital into unstable proprietary software and distracting multi-layered touchscreens. Multi-billion-euro losses and delayed flagship launches at Volkswagen Group’s CARIAD unit demonstrate that attempting to reinvent foundational operating systems in isolation is economically unsustainable. This analysis examines the ergonomics of tactile controls, the architectural bottlenecks of software-defined vehicles, and the pre-competitive consortium model essential for industry survival.

Read More Technology Obesity in Automotive and CARIAD: The Case for Pre-Competitive Common Platforms
Blog Technology and Systems

Manual Dispatching and Rail Cybersecurity: Legacy Technology Offers No True Safety
Muhammet Işık September 13, 2025October 23, 2026

The assumption that legacy railway infrastructure remains naturally insulated from cyberattacks represents a dangerous illusion that conceals severe human operational risks. While recent radio frequency disruptions in Poland and vulnerability CVE-2025-1727 in the United States expose vulnerabilities in unauthenticated communication layers, operating conventional lines via telephone dispatching leaves systems exposed to human error. This analysis examines Turkey’s 6,000-kilometer signaling backlog, the anatomy of false security, and the necessity of upgrading to encrypted, domestically engineered railway networks.

Read More Manual Dispatching and Rail Cybersecurity: Legacy Technology Offers No True Safety
Artificial Intelligence, Software and Data Blog

Classical Control is Not Dead: The Balance Between LQR and Deep Reinforcement Learning
Muhammet Işık August 15, 2025October 23, 2026

While modern industrial discourse fixates on AI-driven control, most factories remain powered by PID and LQR. We evaluate model fragility, certification boundaries, and why layered hybrid architectures represent the true engineering future.

Read More Classical Control is Not Dead: The Balance Between LQR and Deep Reinforcement Learning

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